MUSKERNAS III & FORMULATION NDP PMII

The National Congress is a deliberative forum in PMII as regulated in AD / ART Chapter VI Article 8, Paragraph 3. Until the leadership periods friend Abduh Padare, PB mukernas PMII has performed three times. The first one was held on 21-26 November 1967 in Jakarta, the second diadakan in Semarang Central Java, and the third didadakah in Bandung West Java on 1 - May 5, 1976. National Consultative Forum III has decided the following:

Preparation of Core Values ​​Struggle PMII
Preparation Templates Struggle PMII
Formulation Outline Development Organization
Principles Thoughts About the Election
1) Â Â Â Preparation of Core Values ​​Struggle PMII.

As we know, based on Islamic-leaning PMII Ahlussunnah Wal-Jamaâ € ™ ah (now Pancasila) in each movement step must dimotivisir by values ​​Ahlussunnah Wal-Jamaâ € ™ ah is. But the values ​​for the citizens movement in particular is still a lot of the books scattered yellow or stored in the minds of the scholars who become role models PMII. Of course this would complicate the movement of citizens who still lay on Aswaja values, as well as complicate the preparation of reference works.

The existence of this dilemma, especially after declaring themselves as independent organizations, it is no longer recruiting members through ideological and cultural historical approach, but using the program approach. The consequence of this approach terjaringnya PMII members who have not, not even background Aswaja. This in turn will be able to harm kederisasi and fanaticism organization. So to overcome this problem, the National Conference III PMII formulating a framework of values ​​Basic Struggle (NDP) PMII as follows:

a) Â Â Â NDP Urgency For PMII

In line with the stage of development and growth of PMII in the present and future, the presence of a clear explanation of the principles of organization of the Islamic-leaning PMII Aswaja perceived as an urgent need to be formulated. NDP PMII is needed in terms of giving direction and motivation, leading the movement and behavior of citizens as well as providing justification for what would be and should be done to achieve the objectives of the struggle in accordance with the intent of establishing this organization.

b) Â Â Position NDP PMII

Islam as a faith for all members of PMII absolute highest position in providing guidance on life and living. Meanwhile, as a method Aswaja appreciation / understanding of Islamic teachings, the result of absorption of both. NDP PMII is the best choice for both of them, towards the realization of the ideals of the movement.

c) Â Â Â Understanding NDP PMII

What is meant by NDP PMII is a determination, a systematic view mirror wing of the Islamic faith to provide a base of departure Aswaja in giving direction PMII behavior as a social group to achieve the ideals of the struggle.

d) Â Â Framework Issues NDP PMII

In order purposes PMII NDP formulation, formulated framework the following problems:

 1.    Mukaddimah
2. Â Â Â Human Dimensions of relationship with God
3. Â Â Â Human Dimensions of relationship with humans
4. Â Â Â Human Dimension relationship with Nature
5. Â Â Â The dimensions of the problem with Science
6. Â Â Â Conclusion.
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Furthermore, the basic framework of the preparation of NDP PMIIini handed over to the team responsible for the PB PMII, but unfortunately, due to the weaknesses of the working mechanism and other factors, to the VIII Congress PMII in Bandung West Java, preparation PMII NDP has yet to be realized.

2) Â Â Â Preparation Templates Struggle PMII

Templates PMII struggle is the foundation or the fight can be considered as the PMII Guidelines. For the completion of PDM PMII PMII itself is nothing new, since the earlier days PMII has no foundation struggle unless operational standard and basic thoughts closer to theoretical philosophical values. Broadly speaking, the struggle PMII contain:

a) Â Â Â Â Â Definition
b) Â Â Â Â Â The nature of the struggle
c) Â Â Â Â Â Directions and objectives of struggle PMII
d) Â Â Â Â PMII scope Struggle
e) Â Â Â Â Â operational archetype struggle PMII
3) Â Â Â Formulation Outline Development Organization

If the archetypal struggle PMII focuses on the struggle that is external PMII, or known as the participation, the broad outlines orgainsasi coaching is more emphasis on organizational footing in order to consolidate the organization or regeneration. Broadly speaking, the content of this GBPO is as follows:

 A.A cadre Problems

This problem comes to the cadre, whether it contains a statement that the cadre should take priority in the activities of the program, the approach used, as well as the orientation of the cadre itself as well as the guidelines / instructions cadre implementation used.

 b.    Leadership Issues

Leadership is leadership PMII expected to be able to memnjiwai nature of the movement, ie, family, student, community and independent. In line with the organization's properties PMII leadership required to always responsive and argumentative and dukehendaki also the openness to the widest possible regeneration.

c. Â Â Â Â Establishment of Containers Alumni

To enhance active participation paraalumni, Mukernas III PMII decided to form a container called a â € Alumni Alumni œKeluarga PMIIâ €?. The establishment of the container it was experiencing a bottleneck, resulting in up to the implementation of PMII Yangke VIII congress, the container has not revealed the expected results. An analysis, that it is due to the gap between alumni ideologically oriented with their status, so that among them are difficult to be bridged, a linkage back as when they were living in one container movement.

d. Â Â Â Steps New Member Recruitment

Inilebih steps leading to the recruitment of new members of the family background of students in addition to the traditional intellectual PMII, which is always rooted in family rural students.

e. Â Â Â Â Enterprise Search Source of Funds

III National Congress succeeded in formulating, both commercially and traditionally associated with the development of the movement.

 4)    Principles Thoughts About the Election

Facing third general elections (1977, National Conference III failed to decide the points pikiran going to the election with respect to 1977. Fundamentals of mind referred to, is as follows:

The elections for the citizens of the Indonesian Muslim Student movement is important and respected event, the implementation must be able to fully reflect the aspirations rakyaatIndonesia.
Indonesian Islamic Students Movement found the elections are a means to create a system of state and a government, is a democratic constitutional state. Since the 1977 general election that must be able to stand on those principles to implement the agreed rules of the game.
Indonesian Islamic Students Movement considers that the election function should really be experienced as a balance between the means of political socialization, democratization means, and means of legitimacy. Means of political socialization is to make the election as a means of political education for Indonesian citizens, so they can become citizens understand their rights and obligations. Means of democratization, ie, as the channeling of the actual will of the people of Indonesia. While the means of legitimation is the process of giving legal authority to force yamng who won in the elections.
Indonesian Islamic Students Movement will participate in the 1977 elections with mengutanakan luhurnya goals than achieving victory as well as its practical and able to realize the regeneration of the nation's leadership.
Sources: PMII In Node-Node History of Struggle

Tan Malaka: The Forgotten Father of the Republic

Sayuti Melik important task. Three weeks after the proclamation, he was asked Soekarno looking Tan Malaka. Bung Karno heard rumors that the movement leaders in Jakarta. Fortunately, Sayuti know where to look for Tan. A few days earlier, Foreign Minister Ahmad Soebardjo bringing the author itu.Pertemuan Naar de Republiek Indonesia was set. Soekarno asked Soeharto, his personal physician, providing the room. But he will keep the guests who come. With cycling, Sayuti pick Tan. Both then headed home now pharmacy Titimurni Suharto-in Jalan Kramat Raya.

Soeharto, who lived 20 years on the run was admitted named Abdulradjak. Suharto then bring "Abdulradjak" into the back room. There Sukarno was waiting. Sayuti come inside, Suharto waiting outside. All the lights in the house turned off. The meeting of two leaders in the dark that happened on the night of Eid, 9 September 1945.

Sukarno to begin. He asked about the Mass Actie-Tan book written in 1926. Then they talk about the fate of the Indonesian revolution. In a two-hour meeting, Tan dominate the conversation, while Sukarno was quiet. "Tan is more experienced in the struggle," said Sayuti Melik. Tan's words about revolution, said Sayuti, Soekarno often quoted later today.

There is a very disturbing statement Tan attention Bung Karno. Tan said the Netherlands, with boarded Allies, will soon come. Tan believes, Jakarta will be a battle. That's why he suggested the government should be moved to the interior.

Worried about the possibility that, Sukarno said, "If something happens later on ourselves so as not to lead the revolution, I hope you are continuing." Before closing the meeting, he gave Tan a sum of money. Sayuti testimony was written in the column for the Tan Malaka Approximately Testament, published in the daily Sinar Harapan, September 1979.

A few days later, Tan and Soekarno meet again. This time at the doctor's house in Jalan Mampang Mawardi. Mawardi is a pioneer Barisan leaders during the Japanese occupation.

As usual, Sayuti participate in the meeting, but should only be listened to. They talk about the national struggle. At the end of the conversation, Soekarno Tan promised to appoint a successor torch of independence.

Tan did not react testament word about it. In his memoir, From Prison to Prison, he considers the proposal merely honor and a sign of confidence. "I was quite pleased to see the President of the Republic of Indonesia, republic had all this time I wanted," he said.

***

Intention Sukarno issued a testament pronounced in the cabinet meeting in the third week of September 1945. When Allied captive, he will hand over the leadership of the revolution to one skilled in the struggle. Who was it, he was still confidential.

Ahmad Soebardjo know Bung Karno is none other than Tan Malaka. He knew because Tan never talked about it. However, the continuation of the new testament talks happenings will happen after the British landed. Also there is a rumor, the Allies would capture Soekarno because they collaborated with the Japanese.

The situation prompted Sukarno met with Tan Malaka, Iwa Koesoemasoemantri, and Billy Taroenamihardjo, Ahmad Soebardjo home. Iwa and Billy then Minister of Health and the Attorney General. On 30 September, they agreed to appoint Tan as the heirs of the revolution when something happens to Soekarno-Hatta.

Then Soekarno Hatta went to the house. After telling the meeting, Bung Hatta gave the answer: "Why not talk to me first? You should know well who it was Tan Malaka. "

Hatta reject the outcome of the meeting and proposed a way out. Sticks revolution will be forwarded to the leaders of the four poles. Tan Malaka represent the far left, Sutan Sjahrir of the center-left, the right and vice Wongsonegoro feudal and Islamic groups Sukiman representation.

Soekarno satisfied with this middle ground. He called Soebardjo invite met. Soebardjo, with Tan and Iwa, welcomed the Soekarno-Hatta tomorrow. At home Soebardjo, Hatta explained his opinion.

He said that the presence of Tan on the left could spark controversy because the Indonesian Communist Party does not like it. Hatta also suggested Tan traveling around Java. In addition to introducing himself to the people, and to measure how much effect. Hatta proposal is approved.

In the October 1 meeting, they also agreed to replace Sukiman with Iwa. The reason, Iwa and close friend Sukiman Islamic groups. Sukarno then asked Tan to arrange the words testament. Once everything is agreed, typed manuscript and made Soebardjo triplicate. Soekarno-Hatta then sign it. Soebardjo tasked with providing the text to Sjahrir and Wongsonegoro.

Later it was revealed, Soebardjo never deliver a copy of the text to Sjahrir and Wongsonegoro. Both found out after apprise Hatta. First vice president, and his camp was suspected Soebardjo disappointed, probate granted to Tan a void. But, in his National Consciousness, argues Soebardjo revolution broke down hamper the delivery of the text.

***

TAN enter a testament to the bag. He then went around Java. According Hadidjojo Nitimihardjo, son-Maruto Nitimihardjo an activist Menteng 31, the headquarters of the struggle of the youth after the proclamation and present Joang Building 45 in the Cikini, Jakarta-envelope Tan brought not only contain the political will, but also the typed text of the proclamation Sayuti Melik. Bung Karno, according Hadidjojo, gave him a package.

At the time in Surabaya, escorted Warriors Tan Oil Suryono leadership. At the suggestion of Djohan Syahruhzah-later to become Secretary General of the Socialist Party of Indonesia-Tan then escorted Des Alwi during the week. December when it joined the army of the Republic of Indonesia and the Youth are performing intelligence duties waging an information war against the Allies.

They stay at Gubeng on 9 November. "That night I had massage," says Des, at that time 18 years old. Tan, who called himself Hussein, and tells about the battle Shanghai, China's military assault against the Japanese in 1932.

Knowledge Hussein made December amazed. Sjahrir foster child was then brought Tan to Sidoarjo. In December there found out, the man was Tan Malaka dikawalnya. Of Sidoarjo, Tan accompanied Djohan around Java. "It was a stronghold Sjahrir Tan relationship has not been cracked," said Hadidjojo.

But the linkage was only briefly. Later relations between the two camps against political fracturing due Tan Sjahrir. Unity-Struggle Through a collection of 141 political organizations-Tan opposed the triumvirate running diplomatic Soekarno-Hatta-Sjahrir.

Firmness Tan talks led to a vigorous opposing prison. He shared Sukarni, Chaerul Saleh, Muhammad Yamin, and Billy Abikusno arrested in Madison on March 17, 1946. Interestingly, the news had spread pencidukan on the radio one day earlier. They are accused of going to a coup. They were arrested separately, moved from one prison to another prison.

But in the book Yamin dismissed Sapta Darma background. He alleged that the detention was at the insistence of the Allies to the Prime Minister Sjahrir that negotiations went smoothly. They are "secured" before the Indonesian delegation left for the Netherlands. Yamin allegation later proved. In the trial Defense Minister Amir Syarifuddin said Tan and his group were arrested as they often launch agitation disrupt negotiations.

When Tan in the cell is to spread false political testament. Stating that Soekarno-Hatta handed leadership of the revolution to Tan Malaka. Hatta Chaerul accused Saleh of brain lie. Because of that, Hatta revoke a decision granting testamentary intent, but canceled.

From prison, Tan managed to smuggle the envelope containing the original and the copy of the proclamation testamentary by courier. "The envelope was received of my father," said Hadidjojo. Maruto was sitting on the Board of the Central Indonesian National Committee in Yogyakarta.

After two years he was detained, the new prosecutors dropped the charges. But not for alleged coup, but the move illegal opposition ranks. Tan and Sukarni released from prison in September 1948 Magelang, Central Java.

After Tan free, and testaments Maruto restore copy of the proclamation to him. He also arranged a meeting between Tan and General Sudirman in Yogyakarta. To Sudirman, Tan said it would guerillas to East Java around November 1948. Soedirman then gave him a letter of introduction and a team of bodyguards.

Letter from Sudirman was submitted to the Division Commander General Sungkono East Java. By Sungkono, Tan recommended moving Kepanjen, South Malang. But he decided to go to Kediri. This is where, according to Dutch historian Harry Albert Poeze, Tan was executed on February 21, 1949.

Since then Kasak-dimming kasuk testamentary affairs. Only in May 1972, the heirs of the revolution sticking polemics in the media. Moekhardi, citing the book George McTurnan Kahin Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia (1952), argued that the design of the tactics of Tan Malaka testamentary power. One month later, Sayuti rejected the Kahin. According to him, the meeting and making testaments at the initiative of Sukarno.

The following week, turn Soebagijo I.N. the results of interviews with the Hatta-writing, script testament Tan was awarded but not yet signed. Soekarno Hatta will memarafnya if agreed. While Hatta judge, Tan figure in the eyes of the people is not popular. The proof, in the course in Java, Tan a few times about to be arrested.

Conflicting opinions continue to emerge. Pen in a newspaper war subsided after S.K. Sayuti-Trimurti-wife writing letters to the daily Sinar Harapan, the end of October 1979. Trimurti divulge, Syamsu Harya Udaya him at the end of 1964. Murba leaders, the party founded Tan, was admitted storing and text testament Proclamation. Syamsu indeed often accompany Tan before the character was killed.

Rather than continue to spark discord and is competed, Trimurti advocated testament destroyed. The pair met Aidit, known to be close to the Soekarno. Chairman of the Communist Party of Indonesia was to arrange a meeting.

Soekarno then invited three. At the State Palace, Trimurti submit the entire manuscript. While the text of the proclamation of the deposit, Bung Karno testament tearing and burning. "After that we came home with a sense of relief," said Trinity. Chaotic wills outages in the middle of the fire.

Beauty and Pock Face

A king and queen had a son, Asmund, and a daughter, Signy. Asmund loved the outdoors. He persuaded his father to give him two giant oaks, and told Signy that he would hollow them out and live in them. Signy asked to live there, too, and Asmund agreed. They lived there a time, when their father had to go to war, and their mother died.
Nearby, a king had a son, Prince Ring, who had heard of Signy's beauty and was determined to marry her. When setting out in search for her, he met a beautiful woman who told him she was Signy and explained her being alone on the way as stemming from her grief at her mother's death; she was, in fact, a gigantic witch. He told her he wished to marry her. She agreed but said she had to go into the woods and would join him at the ship. In the woods, she tore up the two oaks and carried them with her. Ring carried her home, where she was made welcome, and the oaks were planted outside her windows.
The prince asked her when they could marry, she agreed to a date, and he brought her fine cloth to make her wedding gown. As soon as he left, she took on her own shape and raged, because she could not sew and would soon starve if her brother did not bring her raw meat and bones. A giant brought her meat, but she still raged over the cloth.
Asmund asked Signy to sew the cloth, because otherwise they would have no peace. Signy did so, and Ring was pleased with the clothing. But the witch continued to rave about her food. Finally, Asmund brought Ring to listen to her plans after the wedding: slaughtering the courtiers and bringing her relatives, the giants, to court. Ring burned down the house with both her and her brother in it.
Ring fell in love with Signy at sight, and Asmund with Ring's sister, so they had a double wedding, and Asmund returned with his bride to his father's kingdom.

Baš Čelik

A king had three sons and three daughters. On his deathbed he made his sons swear that they would marry off their sisters to the first person who asked. When one night a booming voice demanded that one sister be given to him, the two older brothers were reluctant, except for the youngest (the Least of Three) who heeded his father's dying request and handed her over. The same thing happened for the next two nights, until all the sisters were given away to mysterious strangers. The three brothers decided to go and search for their sisters to find out where they were.
Throughout their travels, they fought many-headed serpents; in addition, the youngest brother used his wits to defeat nine giants that were terrorizing the region; finally he saved the king’s daughter from a snake bite. Because of all this, he is allowed to marry the princess and becomes one of the king’s favorites. He lives in her castle and is allowed to visit any of the rooms, except one which was bound with chains (the One Forbidden Thing). When his wife was absent one day, he went inside and saw a man held prisoner and bound by chains. The man called himself Bash Celik, and he begged for three glasses of water. Every time he complies he gets an extra life. When the third glass is handed it to him, the man suddenly gained his massive strength, broke the chains, opened his wings, and flew away with the youngest son's wife.
Now the prince sets out on a new quest to rescue his wife. On the way, he discovers that his sisters were married to the Lords of Dragons, Hawks and Eagles. He tries to get his wife back three times, each time losing a life that Bash Celik gave him for the glasses of water. On the fourth time he fails again and dies, but his body is saved by his brothers in law, and they resurrect him using the magical water from River Jordan. At this point the prince's wife learns that Bash Chelik cannot be killed, because his life is in a bird that is in a heart of fox in forest of a high mountain. Helped by the Lords, the prince finally slays Bash Chelik and rescues his wife.

Legend of Batu Bagga

Long time ago in Sulawesi Island, lived a man named Intobu. He lived alone with his only son, named Impalak. They were poor. Everyday they work as fishermen. They went to the sea every night to catch fish, even in bad weather. Intobu always advised his son, “Being fishermen is our only income. Do not take the bad weather as our enemy.” Impalak nodded. “Yes, Father,” he replied.

Intobu and Impalak worked as fishermen for years. But, Impalak started to feel bored with the job. He wanted to try something new. He wanted to make a better living for his father and himself. One day, Impalak tried to talk to his father about his desire. “Father…, please forgives me,” Impalak felt hesitated. “What is it, my son?” Intobu was curious seeing his son’s strange attitude. “Father, actually I want to quit working as fisherman. I want to go abroad and try working something else,” explained Impalak.

Intobu was sad hearing his son’s decision, but he also wanted Impalak to be a successful person. “If that is your decision, I couldn’t do anything else but to allow you. I can only pray for your safety and success” said Intobu. “But I want you to always remember your homeland. Always remember your father,” he continued. “Yes, Father. I will remember. Thank you,” said Impalak happily.

In the next day, Impalak went to the harbor. He saw a bagga (sailboat) and went to see the owner. “Excuse me, Sir. I’m wondering if I can sail with you?” asked Impalak. The bagga’s owner was silent for a moment. “It’s not a problem for me. But why do you want to sail with me, and have you asked permission from your parents?” asked the bagga’s owner then. “I worked here as fishermen with my father, but I want to try my luck abroad. My father already agreed with my plan,” said Impalak. “All right, I will set sail tomorrow. Come met me here in the morning. And by the way, what’s your name?” asked the bagga’s owner. “Thank you, Sir. My name is Impalak, Sir,” Impalak answered happily.

Back in his house, Impalak told his father about the bagga boat. “When do you depart?” asked Intobu. “Tomorrow, Father,” answered Impalak. The next morning, impalak went to the harbor together with his father. The bagga was ready to set sail. “Hurry, Impalak!” shout the bagga’s owner. Impalak kissed his father’s hand, “I’m going, Father. Take care,” said Impalak. “Go, Son. My blessing is with you,” said Intobu. There were tears in his eyes as he saw the bagga leaving the harbor.

A few years passed. Every time Intobu saw a bagga boat, he always hoped that his son is coming home. But there’s no news at all from Impalak. One day, Intobu went fishing as usual. He used his small sampan and headed to the open water near the harbor. But then he saw a bagga heading to the harbor.

When the bagga was getting close to Intobu’s sampan, he saw a handsome young man standing in front of the bagga’s deck. The young man was accompanied by his beautiful wife. Intobu recognized the young man. He was Impalak, his son. “Impalak! Impalak, my son!” Intobu shout happily.

Impalak heard his father’s shouting, but he ignored him. “Honey, there’s someone down there calling your name. Is that your father?” asked his wife. “No, he’s not my father. Just ignore him, honey” Impalak was embarrassed to acknowledge his old father in front of his beautiful wife.

Intobu tried to row his sampan closer to the bagga, but suddenly there’s a big waves in the sea. Intobu’s sampan was hit by the waves and almost drowned. “Help… Help me… Impalak, help…!” Intobu was shouting, asking help from his son. But Impalak ignored his father. He even turned his bagga into the opposite direction from Intobu’s sampan.

Intobu’s heart was broken to see his son’s ignorance. His felling is mixed with sadness and anger. He looked into the sky and prayed, “Oh, God. Please hear my prayer. I curse that rebellious son’s bagga into stone.” Not long after Intobu said the prayer, a storm came and struck Impalak’s bagga. The wind blew so hard, pushing the bagga to the shore. Suddenly, the bagga and Impalak turned into stone. The stone still exist until now. People called it Batu Bagga (Bagga Stone).***

Princess Mandalika (story papua)

Once upon a time, there was a kingdom in Lombok Island that was ruled by a king named Raja Tonjang Beru. He was a wise king. He had a queen named Dewi Seranting. He also had a beautiful daughter named Princess Mandalika. It is said that princess Mandalika was the prettiest girl in the whole island. Everybody knew about Princess Mandalika’s beauty and kindness, even the people from other kingdom around the island.

Princes from all over the place wanted to marry her. One by one, they came to propose her. Princess Mandalika was a kind girl. She hated to make people sad. So, when those princes came to propose her, she was very confused. She could not decide, and she didn’t want to make them sad. She also didn’t want to cause a war to happen because of her.

To solve the problem, Raja Tonjang Beru then held a competition in Seger Kuta beach. He asked all the princes to take part in archery competition. The rule was simple; whoever shot the target perfectly will be accepted as Princess Mandalika’s future husband. One by one, all participants tried their best. After some time, there was no winner. All the participants were great in archery.

Because there was no a winner, all the participants started to argue. They claimed to be the best. The argument was getting hotter. Finally, they all were fighting. Soon, the fighting got bigger. It was like a war, because all the princes brought their soldiers in the archery competition. Princess Mandalika was really worried. She did not want the war to get bigger and hurt many people. Finally, she had an idea. "Everybody, listen up! I know you all love me and want me to be your wife. But I don't want you to fight because of me. And I don't want you to be sad either. I want you all to have me, but not as your wife. I want to be someone that everybody can have," said Princess Mandalika.

Raja Tonjang Beru and all other people in the beach did not understand what she meant. The king then came to her. But suddenly, Princess Mandalika jumped to the sea. She disappeared in the big waves. Everybody was surprised. It was chaos on the beach. All the princes tried to swim to find the princess, but they found nothing.

After several hours trying to search the princess, suddenly they found a lot of colorful sea worms on the beach. Raja Tonjang Beru then realized that his daughter had returned as sea worms. The worms were then called nyale. Until now, people in Lombok always try to catch nyale. Nyale is very delicious and that is why a lot of people come to Lombok to catch it. However, they can only find it once a year, in February or March. The tradition to catch the sea worms is called Bau Nyale.***

The Wise King (story kalimantan)

Long time ago, there was a kingdom named Sanggau in the Borneo Island. It was a peaceful and prosperous kingdom under the leadership of their wise king. There was a market in the kingdom of Sanggau. Pak Razak was a famous cook there. He owned his own restaurant in the market. One day, Pak Razak was cooking in his restaurant when a farmer passed by. But the farmer stopped in front of Pak Razak’s restaurant. He smells the aroma of the delicious food Pak Razak was cooking. “Hmmm… delicious… yummy,” said the farmer. "Hey! What are you doing? Do you want to come to my restaurant or not?” Pak Razak asked. "No, I don't. Smelling the aroma of your delicious food makes me full," said the farmer. “So you’re full by smelling my food?” asked Pak Razak again. “Yes, I am,” the farmer answered. “If that’s the case, you have to pay me for the smell of my delicious food,” said Pak Razak. “Ridiculous, I don’t want to pay. I didn’t eat anything,” the farmer refused to pay. But Pak Razak kept persisting that the farmer must pay for the aroma of his food. Both of them started to quarrel. People came and asked them to calm down. They suggested that Pak Razak and the farmer go to the King to solve the problem.

In the following day, Pak Razak and the farmer went to the palace. "Please tell me what happened,” asked the King. Pak Razak and the farmer told the King about the problem. "Hmm...I have the solution,” said the King after he heard the story from both Pak Razak and the farmer. The King then asked the farmer to bring out his money. The farmer took a gold coin from his pocket. “Now put your coins into this bottle.” The farmer then put his coin into a bottle prepared by the King’s servant. ”Do you hear the sound of the coins?" asked the King to Pak Razak. "Yes, I do," answered Pak Razak. "Then, the farmer has just paid you. He pays your delicious aroma with the sound of his money," explained the King. Pak Razak was silent. He knew the King was right. The King just gave him a lesson. He then apologize to the farmer.***

The Crying Stone (kalimantan)

One upon a time, lived a poor old widow in a small village. She lived with her daughter. Her daughter was very beautiful but also very lazy and arrogant. She never helped her mother and didn’t want to know what problem her mother had. Everyday, she put make up and wears her best clothes. She always wanted to look rich and beautiful.

One day, the mother and her daughter went to the market to buy some food. At first, the daughter refused to accompany her mother, but finally she agreed. “I’ll go with you, but you must walk behind me,” said the daughter. She didn't want to walk side by side with her mother. Although her mother was very sad, she agreed to walk behind her daughter.

On the way to the market, everybody admired the girl's beauty. But they were also curious. Behind the beautiful girl, there was an old woman with a simple dress. The girl and her mother looked very different. “Hello, beautiful girl. Who is the old woman behind you? Is she your mother?" they asked. “No, she is not my mother. She is my servant,” the girl answered. Her mother was very sad to hear that, but she didn't say anything. She could understand that her daughter was ashamed.

The girl and the mother met other people. Again they asked who the woman behind the beautiful girl. And again the girl answered that her mother is her servant. She always said that her mother is her servant every time people asked.

At last, the mother cannot hold the pain anymore. She prayed to God to punish her daughter. Suddenly, the girl's leg turns into stone. Slowly, the process continues to the upper part of the girl's body. The girl was in panic. "Mother, please forgive me! Mother!" she cried and asked her mother to forgive her. But it's already too late. Her whole body finally becomes a big stone. Until now, people can still see tears falling down from the stone. People then call it batu menangis (it mean the crying stone).***

The Origin of Landak River (kalimantan)

Long time ago, lived a farmer and his wife in a village by the side of a forest. They lived simply and they like to help other people, especially one who in afflictions. One night, the farmer and his wife were resting in their house. The farmer was sitting beside his sleeping wife. Suddenly, a white centipede came out from the wife’s head. The farmer was amazed. He then followed the centipede until they reach a small pond not far from their house. Then the centipede suddenly disappeared. The farmer went home and found his wife still soundly asleep.

In the morning, the wife told his husband about the dream she had last night. “I was walking through a vast field, and I came to a lake. I saw a giant hedgehog in the lake. It was glaring at me, so I ran away.” After he heard his wife’s dream, the farmer went back to the small pond. In the pond, he saw something very shiny. He came to the shiny object and took it. It was a golden hedgehog statue. It was very beautiful. Its eyes were made of diamond. The farmer then brought the statue home.

At night, the farmer had a dream. A giant hedgehog came to him, “Please let me stay in your home. As return, I will give you everything you want. Just caress the statue’s head and say the prayer. There are two kinds of prayers, one is to start your wish and the second is to stop your wish. Now memorize the prayers.”

In the next day, the farmer told his wife about his dream. They really wanted to prove it. The farmer slowly caressed the statue's head. He said the prayer and asked for rice. Suddenly, rice came out of the mouth of the statue. The rice kept on coming out from the statue's mouth. The farmer immediately said the prayer to stop it. The rice then stopped coming out from the statue.

The farmer and his wife then asked for other things, jewelry and other stuff they needed. They became very rich. But they still like to help other people. A lot of poor came to them for help. Unfortunately, a thief found out about the secret of the golden hedgehog statue. Pretending to be a poor asking for help, he stole the statue from the farmer’s house.

The thief blurred to the district area of Ngabang. There was a drought in the area. The thief wanted sympathy from the people, so he said to them that he would provide them with water. The thief then caressed the hedgehog statue and said the prayer. Water came out of the statue’s mouth. All the people were so happy. But the water kept on coming out. The thief didn’t know the prayer to stop the wish. People who saw the incident were really scared. They ran away to avoid the water as it was started to flood the area. The thief also wanted to run away, but he cannot move his legs. In his vision, there was a giant hedgehog holding both his legs. Water kept coming from the statue and slowly it became a river. The thief was drowned in the river. People then named the river as Hedgehog River or Sungai Landak.***

The Golden Watermelon story kalimantan

Long time ago, at the north area of West Kalimantan, lived a wealthy merchant. He had two sons. The older one is named Muzakir and the younger one is named Dermawan. The two brothers were so different in their attitudes. Muzakir had a very mean and greedy character. On the contradictory, Dermawan was a caring and kind person. He was not greedy and always tried to help those in needs.

Before he passed away, the merchant divided all of his money equally to both of his sons. He did it so that both of his sons will not envious at each other. Muzakir then bought a big cash-box. He put his entire share inside the cash-box and locked it. When a poor came to Muzakir’s house, he laughs at them instead of giving them something. If the poor don’t want to leave, Muzakir would summon his servants to chase them away.

Many of the poor in that area had heard about Muzakir’s rude attitude, therefore they preferred to come to Dermawan. When Dermawan saw those peoples coming, he sincerely welcome them to his house and shared money with those who needed it. It was almost every day a poor came for his help that f inally he ran out of money. Dermawan then moved to a smaller house. He also worked as a foreman. His salary was not much, only enough to buy his own daily meals. But Dermawan was happy with his simple life.

His elder brother laughed when he heard the news about Dermawan. He always thought that Dermawan was a fool to share his money with other people. He himself has just bought a large new house. “There is no one who as stupid as my younger brother,” he said.

One day, when Dermawan was sitting and relaxing in his house yard, a sparrow suddenly fell off in front of him. The sparrow twittered in pain. “Poor bird, did you broke your wing?” He took the bird and examines its wings. He’s right. One of the sparrow’s wings is broken. “Let me take care of you,” he said. Dermawan bandaged the sparrow’s wing and then he took some rice to feed the poor bird. After some time, the bird gradually tamed and was no longer afraid to Dermawan. Few days later, its wings were completely healed. After a while, it flew to the sky. The following day, the sparrow came to visit Dermawan. It held a seed with its beak, and then it put the seed in front of Dermawan. It was an ordinary seed, but Dermawan accepted it with a big smile on his face. He then planted the seed in the back yard of his house.

Three days later, the seed started to grow. It was a watermelon tree. Dermawan took good care of the tree. He thought the tree would bear many fruits since it was so blossomy. But, from all the flowers, only one turned to fruit. Day by day, the fruit grows bigger, bigger than any watermelon Dermawan ever see. Harvesting time finally came and he decided to take the watermelon. “Oh my God, it is so heavy”, he uttered while trying hardly to carry it into the house to put on the table. He took a knife and started to cut the watermelon. Dermawan was shocked. Inside the watermelon is some kind of yellow sand. “What could this be?” Dermawan wondered. Then he realized that the strange yellow sand was actually a pile of pure golden sand. “Holy God, it’s gold. I’m rich,” he danced happily. He heard bird twittered and he looked outside. He saw the sparrow on a tree. “Thank you”, he shouted. “Thank you”, he shouted again, and then the sparrow flew away.

Dermawan then bought a big house with a very big garden the next day. All of the poor came to his house and were welcomed for meals. This time, Dermawan would not run out of money. He had so much money, and his fields produced plants with good fruits as well.

The news about Dermawan’s fortune was heard by Muzakir and made him envy. He went to Dermawan house, and Dermawan honestly told his brother about the sparrow. Muzakir immediately commanded his servants to find a bird with broken wings as he heard the story from his brother. A week passed, but Muzakir’s servants still couldn’t find such bird. He was so angry and even couldn‘t sleep during the nights. The next day, he asked one of his servants to catch a bird using chopsticks. Of course, the chopsticks hurt the bird and broke its wings. Muzakir then pretended to pity the bird and took care of it. Days passed and the bird was completely healed and let to fly. The following day, the bird came back to Muzakir and brought a seed for him. He was very happy. ”I will be very rich soon, even richer than Dermawan,” he said to himself.

Muzakir planted the seed at the back yard of his house and it grew to a fine watermelon tree after several days. It also bore only one fruit, which was much bigger than that once owned by Dermawan. As the harvesting time approached, Muzakir asked his servants to take the fruit into his house. He couldn‘t wait to find a pile of golden sand inside. He cut the watermelon himself and was very shocked when black mud mixed with dirt flushed out to his face. It smelled very bad. Muzakir‘s clothes and also the room were terribly dirty because of it. He ran to the street because he couldn‘t stand the rotten smell from the watermelon. All the people on the street laughed at him for what they saw.***

The story of the people of Bali

Once upon a time in Bali, lived a wealthy man and his wife. They have been married for a long time but did not have any children. They prayed to God to give them a child. They prayed and prayed. God finally answered their pray. The wife got pregnant and they had a baby boy. They were very happy. The baby was extraordinary. He was very much different from other babies. He ate and drank a lot. Day after day he ate more and more. His body was getting bigger and bigger. And by the time he was a teenager, his body was as big as a buffalo. That’s why people called him Kebo Iwa, it means uncle buffalo. Because of his eating habit, Kebo Iwa’s parents spent a lot of money to buy his food. They finally went bankrupt. They had no other choice but to ask the villagers to help them provide the food.

The villagers then worked together to cook and build a big house for Kebo Iwa. He was like a giant. He could not stay in his parents’ house anymore because of his big body. After a few months, the villagers also couldn’t afford to cook him the food anymore. They then asked Kebo Iwa to cook his own food. The villagers just prepared the raw materials. Kebo Iwa agreed and as an expression of his gratitude to the villagers, he help built a dam, dug wells, and he also protected the villagers from animals and people who wanted to attack their village. It was easy task for him since he also had incredible strength.

Meanwhile, the kingdom of Majapahit was planning to attack Bali. They knew about Kebo Iwa. And they also knew that they could not conquer Bali with Kebo Iwa there. Kebo Iwa was more powerful than they were. The Maha Patih of Majapahit then planned something. They were pretending to invite Kebo Iwa to Majapahit to help them dig some wells. They said that Majapahit was suffering from a long dry season and needed water. Kebo Iwa did not know the plan, so he went to Majapahit to help them. When Kebo Iwa was busy digging a well, the Majapahit troops covered the well. Kebo Iwa had difficulty in breathing and buried alive. He died inside the well. After the death of Kebo Iwa, Bali was conquered by Majapahit. Until now, people still remember Kebo Iwa because he had done a lot for Bali.***

The Origin of Pond Sampuraga

In the area Sumatra, lived a widow with her son named Sampuraga. They lived in a small hut in the forest. Everyday they worked hard as employees in a farm owned by a rich man. One day, Sampuraga and his boss took a rest, leaning on a tree after working all day. While enjoying their lunch, the boss asked, “Sampuraga, you’re still young. Why don’t you move to a prosperous land and find a better job?” Sampuraga was an honest and diligent young man. That why his boss cared for him and wanted a better life for him. ”Actually I`ve been dreaming to move to search for a better life. I want to make my mother happier. But where to?” asked Sampuraga. “You should go to Mandailing. One of my friend live there. Most of the inhabitants have farms and fields. They also seek for living by panning for gold in the river since it has high level of gold content,” explained the boss. The conversation made Sampuraga decided to follow the boss’s advised.

Back in his hut, Sampuraga told his mother about his decision. “Mother, I want to move to look for a better life. In this place, I’ll always be employee and work for other people. I want to go someplace else and try out my luck,” Sampuraga said to his mother. “Where will you go, son?” his mother asked. “I was thinking about Mandailing. The boss told me that the people in Mandailing live in prosperity because of its fertile soil,” Sampuraga said. His mother knew that Sampuraga had made up his mind and nothing can change his decision. “Though I`m afraid of being separated with you, as I get older, but I have no reason to forbid you. I`m sorry I never make you happy,” his mother said. “Thank you, Mother! I promise I`ll be back soon if I were success. Pray for me Mom,” Sampuraga asking for his Mother’s blessing.

Sampuraga depart on his journey to Mandailing the following day. He left his mother alone. Days passed, he walked throughout a forest passing by villages. One day, he reached a city in Pidoli Kingdom, in Mandailing. In that place, he tried to apply for job. A rich merchant accepted his application. The merchant took a great trust in him as he was diligent and honest young man. After a year, the boss gave him some financial capitals so that he could run his own business. His business grew up rapidly in a short time. Some of his profits were kept to increase his capital in order to make his business bigger. Finally, he was known a rich young business man.

The merchant was so proud with Sampuraga. One day, he asked Sampuraga if he is interested to marry his daughter. “Sampuraga, you are honest and diligent man. Do you want to marry my daughter?” asked the merchant. “Of course, Sir,“ Sampuraga answered. The merchant’s daughter was known as the most beautiful girl in the Pidoli Kingdom.

They got married in a luxurious wedding party. All preparations had been started months before the wedding day. Ten buffalos and goats were provided in the party. Everybody knew about the big wedding including Sampuraga’s mother. She heard the news from a passing merchant from Mandailing. “Is it true? Maybe it’s just the same name,” she was at doubt. How could it possible for her son to marry a beautiful girl from a wealthy family, whereas he’s just a son of poor widow. But, Sampuraga’s mother still wanted to make sure, so she went to Mandailing to watch the wedding. When she arrived in Pidoli Kingdom, the wedding party already started. It was so crowded and noisy. She tried to get closer in the crowd. She was shocked when she saw the man who was sitting next to a beautiful girl. It was her son, Sampuraga. “Raga…! Sampuraga, my son,” she shouted, trying to get Sampuraga’s attention.

Sampuraga was shocked to hear that familiar voice. “Oh…It`s not possible,” he thought while looking for the source of the voice among the crowded. But then he saw an old woman ran to him. “Sampuraga, my son! I’m your mother!” said the old woman while she tried to embrace Sampuraga. But Sampuraga was so embarrassed to see his own mother. His face turned red. “Hey, old woman! Don`t pretend to be my mother! I have no mother like you! Go away from here now! Don’t disturb my party!” he shouted with angry tone. His mother was startled to see Sampuraga’s reaction. “Raga… Sampuraga. I’m your mother. How could you forget your own mother?” she started to cry.

“No!! You`re not my Mother! She’s already dead! Guard, take this old woman out of here!” Sampuraga ordered his guard. His heart had totally hardened until he denied and chased away his own mother. All of the guests only kept on silence, no one dared to mediate them. The old woman then was dragged by two guards out of the party. While still crying, she prayed, “Dear God…If he were truly my son, Sampuraga, please give him a punishment for disavowing me.”

Suddenly, the sky turned dark, covered by thick cloud. The rain fell down followed by thunderstorm. All of the guests tried to ran away, but they couldn’t escape the storm. Just in a short time, no one was safe, including Sampuraga and his wife.

On the next days, that place turned into a hot pond surrounded by limestone whose shape were the same as buffalos. There were also two heaps of sand and colorful mud that looked like the food offered on Sampuraga`s wedding party. People later call it “Kolam Sampuraga” or Pond Sampuraga.***

Lake Toba story

In the northern area of Sumatra Island, lived a young man. Everyday, he work hard as a farmer. One day in the morning, the young man went fishing in a river. Not so long after he threw the bait, it was bitten by a fish. He pulled the fishing rod and was amazed by the fish he caught. It was a golden fish. “Wait, please don’t eat me,” the fish suddenly spoke to the young man. Startled, the young man dropped the golden fish and it suddenly turned into a beautiful girl.

“I must have been dreaming,” the young man said to himself. “Don’t afraid, Sir. I was a princess cursed by the gods because a mistake I did. You’ve save me,” said the girl. “As my gratitude, I’m willing to be your wife.” The young man was so amazed to see the beauty of the girl, so he accepted her as his wife. They became man and wife but with one condition, the young man promised not to mention about the fish form of the girl. Terrible disaster will happen if the promise is broken.

A year passed, the young man and his wife already had a son. They were so happy. Their son grew up as a healthy boy. But he was a little naughty. He also had a habit, he was always hungry. One day, the wife asked their son to deliver lunch to his father. But, the son ate the food on his way to the fields. The father had been working since morning. He was so hungry. Finding that there’s no food left for him, he said angrily, “Stupid boy! You little fish boy!” He didn’t realize that he broke the promise.

After he said those words, his son and wife mysteriously disappeared. From their footstep on the ground, there’s water bursting out. The water kept coming out and started to flood the area. The whole village and the surrounding area became a lake. There’s a small island in the middle of the lake, known as Samosir Island. And the lake is known as Lake Toba. ***

The Origin of Landak River

Long time ago, lived a farmer and his wife in a village by the side of a forest. They lived simply and they like to help other people, especially one who in afflictions. One night, the farmer and his wife were resting in their house. The farmer was sitting beside his sleeping wife. Suddenly, a white centipede came out from the wife’s head. The farmer was amazed. He then followed the centipede until they reach a small pond not far from their house. Then the centipede suddenly disappeared. The farmer went home and found his wife still soundly asleep.

In the morning, the wife told his husband about the dream she had last night. “I was walking through a vast field, and I came to a lake. I saw a giant hedgehog in the lake. It was glaring at me, so I ran away.” After he heard his wife’s dream, the farmer went back to the small pond. In the pond, he saw something very shiny. He came to the shiny object and took it. It was a golden hedgehog statue. It was very beautiful. Its eyes were made of diamond. The farmer then brought the statue home.

At night, the farmer had a dream. A giant hedgehog came to him, “Please let me stay in your home. As return, I will give you everything you want. Just caress the statue’s head and say the prayer. There are two kinds of prayers, one is to start your wish and the second is to stop your wish. Now memorize the prayers.”

In the next day, the farmer told his wife about his dream. They really wanted to prove it. The farmer slowly caressed the statue's head. He said the prayer and asked for rice. Suddenly, rice came out of the mouth of the statue. The rice kept on coming out from the statue's mouth. The farmer immediately said the prayer to stop it. The rice then stopped coming out from the statue.

The farmer and his wife then asked for other things, jewelry and other stuff they needed. They became very rich. But they still like to help other people. A lot of poor came to them for help. Unfortunately, a thief found out about the secret of the golden hedgehog statue. Pretending to be a poor asking for help, he stole the statue from the farmer’s house.

The thief blurred to the district area of Ngabang. There was a drought in the area. The thief wanted sympathy from the people, so he said to them that he would provide them with water. The thief then caressed the hedgehog statue and said the prayer. Water came out of the statue’s mouth. All the people were so happy. But the water kept on coming out. The thief didn’t know the prayer to stop the wish. People who saw the incident were really scared. They ran away to avoid the water as it was started to flood the area. The thief also wanted to run away, but he cannot move his legs. In his vision, there was a giant hedgehog holding both his legs. Water kept coming from the statue and slowly it became a river. The thief was drowned in the river. People then named the river as Hedgehog River or Sungai Landak.***

The story of the people of Java

Long time ago in West Java, lived a beautiful girl named Dayang Sumbi. She was also smart and clever. Her beauty and intelligence made a prince from the heavenly kingdom of Kahyangan desire her as his wife. The prince asked permission from his father to marry Dayang Sumbi. People from Kahyangan could never live side by side with humans, but his father approved on one condition, when they had a child, the prince would transform into a dog. The prince accepted the condition.

They get married and lived happily in the woods until Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy. The prince then changed into a dog named Tumang. Their son is named Sangkuriang. He was very smart and handsome like his father. Everyday, he hunted animals and looked for fruits to eat. One day, when he was hunting, Sangkuriang accidentally killed Tumang. His arrow missed the deer he was targeting and hit Tumang instead. He went home and tells her mother about the dog. “What?” Dayang Sumbi was appalled. Driven by sadness and anger, she grabbed a weaving tool and hit Sangkuriang’s head with it. Dayang Sumbi was so sad; she didn’t pay any attention to Sangkuriang and started to cry.

Sangkuriang feel sad and also confused. How can his mother love a dog more than him? Sangkuriang then decided to go away from their home and went on a journey. In the morning, Dayang Sumbi finally stopped crying. She started to feel better, so she went to find Sangkuriang. But her son was no where to be found. She looked everywhere but still couldn’t find him. Finally, she went home with nothing. She was exhausted. She fell asleep, and in her dream, she meets her husband. “Dayang Sumbi, don’t be sad. Go look for my body in the woods and get the heart. Soak it with water, and use the water to bathe, and you will look young forever,” said the prince in her dream. After bathing with the water used to soak the dog’s heart, Dayang Sumbi looked more beautiful and even younger.

And time passed by. Sangkuriang on his journey stopped at a village and met and fell in love with a beautiful girl.He didn't realize that the village was his homeland and the beautiful girl was his own mother, Dayang Sumbi. Their love grew naturally and he asked the girl to marry him. One day, Sangkuriang was going on a hunt. He asked Dayang Sumbi to fix the turban on his head. Dayang Sumbi was startled when she saw a scar on his head at the same place where she, years ago, hit Sangkuriang on the head.

After the young man left, Dayang Sumbi prayed for guidance. After praying, she became convinced that the young man was indeed her missing son. She realized that she had to do something to prevent Sangkuriang from marrying her. But she did not wish to disappoint him by cancelling the wedding. So, although she agreed to marry Sangkuriang, she would do so only on the condition that he provides her with a lake and built a beautiful boat, all in one night.

Sangkuriang accepted this condition without a doubt. He had spent his youth studying magical arts. After the sun went down, Sangkuriang went to the hill. Then he called a group of genie to build a dam around Citarum River. Then, he commands the genies to cut down trees and build a boat. A few moments before dawn, Sangkuriang and his genie servants almost finished the boat.

Dayang Sumbi, who had been spying on him, realised that Sangkuriang would fulfill the condition she had set. Dayang Sumbi immediately woke all the women in the village and asked them to wave a long red scarf. All the women in the village were waving red scarf, making it look as if dawn was breaking. Deceived by false dawn, the cock crowed and farmers rose for the new day.

Sangkuriang’s genie servants immediately dropped their work and ran for cover from the sun, which they feared. Sangkuriang grew furious. With all his anger, he kicked the unfinished boat. The boat flew and landed on a valley. The boat then became a mountain, called Mount Tangkuban Perahu (Tangkuban means upturned or upside down, and Perahu means boat). With his power, he destroyed the dam. The water drained from the lake becoming a wide plain and nowadays became a city called Bandung (from the word Bendung, which means Dam).***